Abstract: I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu mua ka honua i kahi hale ʻoihana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa, a me ʻAsia, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa nā pono ikaika ma nā ʻano like ʻole.ʻO nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala i hōʻike ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, a me Kelemania me ka mana hana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kukui LED holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe, me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā lako a me kahi ʻōnaehana kaulahao ʻoihana piha, akā ua paʻa lākou. ma ka hana, logistics, a me nā kaulahao lako.ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai…
Ke au hoʻomohala ʻoihana
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu mua ka honua i kahi ʻoihana ʻenehana i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā ʻāpana nui ʻekolu o ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia, ʻo kēlā me kēia mea i loaʻa nā pono ikaika i nā ʻano ʻokoʻa.ʻO nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala i hōʻike ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, Iapana, a me Kelemania me ka mana hana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kukui LED holoʻokoʻa i loaʻa ka pōmaikaʻi i ka mākeke kiʻekiʻe, me nā pae kiʻekiʻe o nā lako a me kahi ʻōnaehana kaulahao ʻoihana piha, akā ua paʻa lākou. ma ka hana, logistics, a me nā kaulahao lako.ʻAʻole i hoʻokumu ʻia nā kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.Ma waena o nā mākeke e kū mai ana ma Asia, nā ʻāina e like me India, Vietnam, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, nāna i hoʻomohala i ka ʻoihana kukui LED ma hope aku, loaʻa i kekahi mau mana hana huahana, akā ʻaʻole i pau kā lākou kākoʻo kaulahao ʻoihana, a ke alo nei lākou i nā kūlana politika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai a haʻahaʻa. pono pilikanaka.a me nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī ke hoʻokumu i ka hoʻokūkū i ka wā pōkole.
Ma ke ʻano he hale hana honua o ka ʻoihana kukui LED honua, ʻo Kina ka mea hana nui a me ka mea hoʻopuka i nā huahana kukui LED.Loaʻa iā ia ka hana hana a me ka hana ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana kukui LED, a he ikaika hoʻokūkū i ka hana, noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana kukui LED.
Eia kekahi, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻia ka mana hana o ka ʻoihana kukui LED, ka hopena o ka ʻoihana haʻahaʻa a me ka hoʻokūkū mākeke ikaika.ʻO nā laina laina mua o ka honua e like me Signify a me Osram, a me nā laina laina mua o ka home e like me Oppo Lighting, e noho i ka hapa nui o ka mākeke o nā huahana waena a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kā lākou hōʻailona ikaika, channel, hoʻokele a me ʻenehana noiʻi a me nā pono hoʻomohala.ʻO kekahi mau hui kukui LED e kū nei me kā lākou mau ʻano ʻenehana ponoʻī a me ka hiki ke hoʻomohala huahana ua hopu pū i nā manawa kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻoihana e ulu wikiwiki, me ke komo maikaʻi ʻana i ka mākeke huahana waena a hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe a noho i kekahi māhele mākeke.Nui nā mea hana kukui LED liʻiliʻi a me waena, ma muli o nā palena o kā lākou ʻenehana huahana, maikaʻi, brand a me nā kahawai, hoʻokūkū nui i ke kumukūʻai ma ka mākeke haʻahaʻa.
Nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana
Ka wā
Me ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻenehana kukui LED, a me ka nānā ʻana a me ke alakaʻi kulekele o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me nā pilikia palekana kaiapuni a puni ka honua, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana kukui LED i nā manawa hoʻomohala nui, no laila ʻaʻole maopopo nā ʻano manawa.
ʻĀpana
I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu mua ka ʻoihana kukui LED honua i kahi hoʻolaha ʻoihana a me ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū i hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā wahi nui ʻekolu o Asia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika.He kumu waiwai nui ʻo Kina a me ka waihona hoʻopuka o nā huahana kukui LED ma ka honua, a ʻo ʻAsia, ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika ka mea nui o nā mākeke mea kūʻai aku ma ka honua.
Kau kau
ʻO nā papa noi o nā huahana kukui LED he ākea ākea, a aia nā pono noi no ka wā lōʻihi a paʻa i nā ʻano like ʻole e like me ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, kālepa, hana, ʻenekinia, lawe ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, no laila ʻaʻole maopopo nā hiʻohiʻona o ka mākeke holoʻokoʻa.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā huahana kukui ʻoihana LED i ka māhele mākeke no nā mea kūʻai aku kālepa.Ma muli o ka mana o ka ʻai maʻamau, ʻo ka wā hoʻomaha ka manawa kūʻai kiʻekiʻe.I ka wā "Kalikimaka" ma nā ʻāina ʻē, e hoʻonui ka poʻe nona ka inoa i ka hoʻolaha ʻana a me ke kūʻai ʻana i nā huahana kukui kūʻai.No laila, ʻo ka hapa lua o ka makahiki ka manawa kūʻai kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻoihana kukui ʻoihana.I ka hapa mua o ka makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻomaha o ka makahiki hou, ʻano palahalaha nā kūʻai.No laila, aia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona kau i ka ʻoihana kukui ʻoihana.
Nā ʻano a me nā kumu no ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pae waiwai o ka ʻoihana
ʻO ka mākeke o lalo o ka ʻoihana kukui LED he nui nā noi a me ka koi mākeke ikaika.Ke kū nei nā kumu kukui LED i ka hoʻokūkū mākeke ikaika, a haʻahaʻa ka palena waiwai o nā huahana.ʻO ke kukui maʻamau ka mākeke noi nui loa no nā huahana kukui LED, a ʻokoʻa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kāna mau ʻāpana.Ke komo mālie nei ka māla kukui home i kahi wā makua, a ua hoʻokumu maoli ʻia ke ʻano hoʻokūkū mākeke.ua ʻoki ʻia i kekahi ʻano.
ʻO nā māhele mākeke e like me ke kukui ʻoihana a me nā kukui ʻoihana aia i kahi pae o ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki.Me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana i nā pono pilikino a me nā pono o nā mea kūʻai aku kukui ʻoihana, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā hiʻohiʻona kukui ʻoihana no ka palekana, hōʻoluʻolu, naʻauao a me nā koi ʻē aʻe, nā ʻāpana kūʻai kukui ʻoihana e like me ke kukui ʻoihana a me nā kukui ʻoihana e hoʻomau i ka ulu wikiwiki, a ʻokoʻa. a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā huahana i hoʻohui ʻia a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā.
Ka nānā 'ana i nā manawa kūpono a me nā pilikia e kū nei i ka 'oihana
Loaʻa nā manawa kūpono
A. Hoʻolaha nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā huahana kukui LED a me ke kākoʻo kulekele aupuni
No ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikehu, pale i ke kaiapuni, a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ea o ka honua, ua hoʻopuka nā aupuni o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia e like me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa, a me Iapana i nā kulekele e pāpā i nā kukui kukui kahiko a kākoʻo a paipai. ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kukui LED.
B. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana kukui LED, ke emi nei nā kumukūʻai
Hoʻoholo ka holomua o ka ʻenehana i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kukui LED.ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā kukui hoʻōla i ka ikehu e nā huahana kukui LED ke ʻano hoʻomohala o ka ʻoihana kukui.Hōʻike nui ʻia ka holomua o ka ʻenehana kukui LED ma nā ʻano ʻelua: ʻO ka mua, ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka pono māmā.Wahi a nā ʻikepili kūpono, i ka makahiki 2018, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui keʻokeʻo ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 180lm / W, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui kukui LED ma mua o 100lm / W, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā kukui o waho ma mua o 130lm / W;ʻo ka lua, ua hoʻomau ka emi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai.Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana chip upstream, ka piʻi ʻana o ka hiki ke hana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaʻina hana kukui, ua emi mālie ke kumukūʻai o nā kumu waiwai nui, e hōʻemi ana i ke kumu kūʻai o ke kukui LED.Wahi a nā helu helu, ma ke ʻano o ke kumu kūʻai o kahi puʻupuʻu LED e like me 60 watts, ʻo kona kumukūʻai ma kahi o 45-50 US kālā i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana i Ianuali 2011, akā ma Iulai 2018, ua hāʻule ke kumukūʻai ma lalo o 10 mau kālā ʻAmelika. ʻO nā huahana kukui LED ua hoʻokokoke mālie i ke kumu kūʻai o nā kukui mālama ola maʻamau.
C. Ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka papa noi o nā huahana kukui LED
Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana kukui LED, ʻo nā hōʻailona hana o nā huahana kukui LED e like me ke kūpaʻa, ke ola lawelawe, ka naʻauao, CRI, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka luminous, a hiki i ke kūlana o ka hālāwai ʻana i ka mākeke.ʻAʻole ʻoluʻolu wale nā huahana kukui LED i ka kukui maʻamau.Ma mua o ka 1990s, aia ka ʻoihana kukui LED i ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kala huahana he hoʻokahi a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai.ʻO ka mākeke noi i alakaʻi nui ʻia e ka noi no nā kukui hōʻailona a me nā kukui hōʻailona.Mai ka waena o ka makahiki 1990, ua komo wikiwiki ka ʻoihana kukui LED I ka pae hoʻomohala, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana kukui polū a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka emi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai huahana ua hoʻolaha wikiwiki ʻia nā kukui LED i ke kahua kalepa a lilo i mea hoʻokele nui. no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mākeke kukui LED i kēlā manawa;me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou ʻana o nā kumukūʻai, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua komo mālie nā huahana kukui ʻo Lai LED i nā kula he nui e like me ke kukui home a me nā kukui ʻoihana, e hana ana i kahi mākeke noi noi nui.I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kukui ʻāina, nā kukui automotive a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻomau ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mākeke no nā kukui LED.
Ua loaʻa iā D. Kina kahi kaulahao ʻoihana kukui LED piha, a ua komo ka ʻoihana i kahi pae o ke kūkulu ʻana
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻoihana kukui LED o koʻu ʻāina i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1960.Ma hope o kahi kokoke i 50 mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hana ka ʻoihana kukui LED o koʻu ʻāina i nā hoʻokō kupaianaha, me ka hana ʻana i nā wafers epitaxial LED, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā chips LED, ka pahu a me nā noi huahana LED.Me ke kaulahao hana piha.Ma ka manawa like, hoʻopili nui ʻo Kina i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana kukui LED, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i nā papahana kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā papahana kukui semiconductor.Kākoʻo i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me nā hana ʻenehana o ka ʻenehana kukui LED, no laila he kumu noiʻi maikaʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a loaʻa kekahi mau pono i nā noi hoʻohui kukui LED.
E. Ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei nā kūlana ʻoihana o Kina, a ua lilo ka hoʻomohala maʻamau i alakaʻi
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi ʻana o nā keʻena aupuni e like me ka National Development and Reform Commission, ka National Standards Commission, ka Ministry of Science and Technology, ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā hui ʻoihana a me nā ʻoihana pili. ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ʻana a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i nā kūlana kukui LED o ka ʻāina ua holomua ka holomua.E like me ka helu o ka ʻikepili maʻamau o ka lehulehu lawelawe kahua, mai Mei 31, 2021, ua hoʻokuʻu koʻu ʻāina i 187 mau kūlana ʻāina i kēia manawa, 174 mau kūlana ʻoihana, a me 247 mau kūlana kūloko e pili ana i nā kukui LED, a hoʻokō ikaika i ka hana pailaka maʻamau o ka hui. a komo ikaika i ka International Organization ISO/TC274 standardization work.
Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā huahana kukui LED, a ua hoʻokumu mālie ʻia kāna mau palapala noi i lalo e like me nā wahi o waho, nā kahua pāʻani, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.Eia kekahi, ua hoʻokumu pū ka Ministry of Railways, Ministry of Communications, a me ka Ministry of Public Security i nā kūlana kūpono no nā huahana noi kukui LED.ʻO ka hoʻokumuʻiaʻana o nā kūlana o kaʻoihana i luna a me nā loina e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaikaʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho pono a me ka hoʻomohalaʻana o kaʻoihana kukui LED.
ʻO nā pilikia i loaʻa
A. He palupalu ka ʻenehana kumu
I kēia manawa, lawe ʻia aku ka hapa nui o nā huahana kukui LED o koʻu ʻāina, a ʻokoʻa nā mākeke o nā ʻāina / ʻāpana i kūkulu ʻia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa mai ka mākeke kūloko.Loaʻa iā lākou nā paepae komo paʻa a hoʻomohala i nā mīkini hoʻokele hilinaʻi.Hoʻonohonoho nā huahana kukui LED i nā kūlana komo ma ka mākeke.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o nā hui kukui LED o koʻu ʻāina ma ke ʻano o nā mea kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻolālā optical, ka hoʻokele mana, a me ka ʻenehana hoʻopau wela i loko o kahi kūlana nāwaliwali no ka manawa lōʻihi.ʻAʻohe pono hoʻokūkū o nā hui kukui LED i ka ʻenehana.ʻO nā pale nui i nā mākeke i kūkulu ʻia.
B. Ua nāwaliwali ka mana o nā hui kukui LED home
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā wahi like ʻole a puni ka honua, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka ʻoihana kukui LED o kēia manawa i ʻekolu ʻāpana ʻoihana a me ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū i hoʻomalu ʻia e ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻAsia, a me ʻEulopa, a ua hōʻike ʻo Iapana, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. , a ʻo Kelemania nā alakaʻi ʻoihana.Ua hahai pono ʻo Kina, ʻo Taiwan a me South Korea, a ʻo Kina, Malaysia a me nā ʻāina/ʻāina ʻē aʻe i hahai ikaika i ka māhele echelon.Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, noho nā kānaka nunui honua e like me Signify a me Osram i kahi māhele mākeke nui i ka mākeke huahana kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa iā lākou ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona ponoʻī i nā huahana a me nā mākeke, e hana ana i kahi kaulahao ʻoihana piha o nā kukui LED, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou pono i nā huahana hou a me nā ʻenehana hou.ʻO nā pōmaikaʻi hou, hana nui i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe i hoʻohui ʻia, ka haku ʻana i nā ʻenehana koʻikoʻi nui e like me nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻolālā optical, hoʻokele mana, a me ka ʻenehana hoʻopau wela.Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali o nā hui kukui LED kūloko a me ka hiki ke hoʻohui i ka waiwai, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka pālākiō kūʻai a nānā ʻole i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka brand, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā hui brand me ka hoʻokūkū honua.
C. He koʻikoʻi ka hanana o ka hoʻokūkū homogeneous
ʻO ka homogeneity huahana kekahi o nā pilikia i hoʻopilikia i nā hui kukui LED o koʻu ʻāina.Ma muli o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka mākeke kukui LED, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me waena o ka ʻoihana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka huahana a me ka ʻenehana, ʻoi loa ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.Hoʻomaka ke kumukūʻai i ka mākeke, kahi e alakaʻi ai i kahi hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū a me ka homogeneity huahana i ka ʻoihana kukui LED.ʻAʻole pili wale kēia mau pilikia i ka loaʻa kālā o nā hui kukui LED, akā ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hoʻomohala olakino a hoʻomau o ka ʻoihana kukui LED.
Ka manawa kau: Apr-06-2022